This document describes how data rules apply to various types of data. Such rules exist to sustain the integrity and reliability of data by capturing requirements into a form that can be processed by databases and other information systems. The following are within the scope of this document: fundamental concepts of data rules; key characteristics of data rules for common types of data, where these types are identifier, currency value, quantity, date or time, rate, free text entry, code and key; how data profiling contributes to formulating effective data rules. The following is outside the scope of this document: specific rules for specific sets of data. This document can be used in conjunction with or independently of standards for quality management systems. EXAMPLE 1 ISO 9001 specifies requirements for quality management systems. This document can also be used in conjunction with or independently of standards for more detailed definitions of data types. EXAMPLE 2 ISO/IEC 11404 specifies the nomenclature and shared semantics for a collection of datatypes commonly occurring in programming languages and software interfaces. EXAMPLE 3 IEC 61360-1 specifies principles for the definition of the properties and associated attributes and explains the methods for representing verbally defined concepts.