In this Part 11, the use of electrical heaters and electrical coolers in spacecraft systems are described. Electrical thermal control is an efficient and reliable method for attaining and maintaining temperatures. Solid state systems provide for flexibility in control of thermal regulation, they are resistant to shock and vibration and can operate in extreme physical conditions such as high and zero gravity levels. They are also easy to integrate into spacecraft subsystems. The Thermal design handbook is published in 16 Parts TR 17603-31-01 Thermal design handbook Part 1: View factors TR 17603-31-02 Thermal design handbook Part 2: Holes, Grooves and Cavities TR 17603-31-03 Thermal design handbook Part 3: Spacecraft Surface Temperature TR 17603-31-04 Thermal design handbook Part 4: Conductive Heat Transfer TR 17603-31-05 Thermal design handbook Part 5: Structural Materials: Metallic and Composite TR 17603-31-06 Thermal design handbook Part 6: Thermal Control Surfaces TR 17603-31-07 Thermal design handbook Part 7: Insulations TR 17603-31-08 Thermal design handbook Part 8: Heat Pipes TR 17603-31-09 Thermal design handbook Part 9: Radiators TR 17603-31-10 Thermal design handbook Part 10: Phase Change Capacitors TR 17603-31-11 Thermal design handbook Part 11: Electrical Heating TR 17603-31-12 Thermal design handbook Part 12: Louvers TR 17603-31-13 Thermal design handbook Part 13: Fluid Loops TR 17603-31-14 Thermal design handbook Part 14: Cryogenic Cooling TR 17603-31-15 Thermal design handbook Part 15: Existing Satellites TR 17603-31-16 Thermal design handbook Part 16: Thermal Protection System